Book: General |
AuthorLastname, F. N. (Year). Book title. Publisher. |
Entire Book: Print Version |
Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge. |
Book with editor |
Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in systems: A primer (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing. |
Entire Book: Electronic Version |
Youmans, C. (2016). Mahler and Strauss: In dialogue. Indiana University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1ddr66n Gutman, R. W. (1999). Mozart: A cultural biography. http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0034586772 |
Entire Book: |
Hock, R., & Price, G. (2004). The extreme searcher’s Internet handbook: A guide for the serious searcher. CyberAge Books. |
Entry in Online Reference Work |
Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.). http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism |
Entry in Online Reference Work (No Author) |
Trebuchet. (2009). In Merriam-Webster online dictionary (11th ed.). http://www.merriam -webster.com/dictionary/trebuchet |
Book: |
Begin citation with title. For example: NAICS Desk Reference: The North American industry classification system desk reference. (2000). JIST Works. |
Chapter in a Book |
Willson, Jr., R. F. (2005). William Shakespeare's theater. In J. Rosenblum (Ed.), The Greenwood companion to Shakespeare: A comprehensive guide for students (pp. 47-64). Greenwood Press. |
For additional examples, see pages See Reference Examples APA 7 10.2 pp 321-323
Journal: General |
AuthorLastname, F. I. (Date). Article title. Journal Title, Vol, pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx (Note: Include the digital object identifier (DOI) if one is assigned. If you retrieved the article online and no DOI is available, include the journal's home page URL.) |
Journal Article with DOI |
Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225 |
Journal Article without DOI |
Graham, S. (2006). Impossible to hold: Women and culture in the 1960s. Journal of American Studies, 40, 156-159. Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap |
Journal with Non-Continuous Pagination (each issue begins on page 1) |
Simmons, C., & Becker-Olsen, K. (2006). Achieving marketing objectives through social sponsorships. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 154-169. |
Magazine Article |
Reed, S. (2006, August 21). Seeing past the war. Business Week, 16(4), 35-36. |
Online Magazine Article |
Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). http://www.apa.org/monitor/ |
Newspaper Article |
Seward, Z. (2006, December 14). Colleges expand early admissions. Wall Street Journal (Eastern ed.), pp. D1-D2. |
Online Newspaper Article |
Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com |
For additional examples, see pages See Reference Examples APA 7 pp 320-352
Entire Albums |
The Beatles. (1967). Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Heart Club’s Band [Record]. United States: Capitol Records. |
Individual Songs |
Glover, Frank. (2009). One way ticket. On Politico [CD]. n.l.: Owl Studios. |
Rerecording by Artist other than Writer |
Goodenough, J. B. (1982). Tails and trotters [Recorded by G. Bok, A. Mayo, & E. Trickett]. On And so will we yet [CD]. Sharon, CT: Folk-Legacy Records. (1990) |
Spoken Word Recording |
Darling, S. (Speaker). (1988). To Kill a Mockingbird (Cassette). United States: Recorded Books. |
Musical Score |
Beethoven, Ludwig van. (1932). Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92. Boston: Oliver Ditson. |
Podcast |
Van Nuys, D. (Producer). (2007, December 19). Shrink rap radio [Audio podcast]. http://www.shrinkrapradio.com/ |
Motion Picture | Spielberg, S. (Director). (1982). E.T. the extra-terrestrial [Motion picture]. United States: Universal Pictures. |
Video |
Ryan, K. O., & Schrank, L. (Writers). (2008). Body language I: Beyond words [DVD]. Available from http://www.learningseed.com/ |
Single Episode from Television Series |
David, L., & Seinfeld, J. (Writers). (1995). The soup nazi [Television series episode]. In Seinfeld. NBC. |
Map Retrieved Online |
Lewis County Geographic Information Systems (Cartographer). (2002). Population density, 2000 U.S. Census [Demographic map]. Retrieved from http://www.co.lewis.wa.us/publicworks/maps/Demographics/census-pop-dens_2000.pdf |
For additional examples, see pages See Reference Examples APA 7 pp 320-352
Online Posting: General |
AuthorLastname, F. I. (Year, Month Day). Title of post [Description of form]. http://www.xxxx Include a retrieved date for online sources that update and change frequently, and would appear before the URL. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from https://wwww (see APA7 Rule 9.16 p 290) (If only author's screen name is available, use that for the author's name.) |
Entire website |
It is sufficient to give the website address in the text (in parentheses). |
Tweet |
APA Education [@APAEducation]. (2020, January 3). Want a sneak peek of some of @APA’s proposed introductory psychology learning outcomes and recommendations? [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/APAEducation/status/1213165128784453632 |
National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, November 28) Suicide affects all ages, genders, races, and ethnicities. Check out these 5 Action Steps for Helping Someone in Emotional Pain [Infographic]. Facebook. http://bit.ly/321Qstq |
|
Blog Post |
Oracknows. (2019, September 28) Antivaxers on Twitter: Fake news and Twitter bots https://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2017/09/28/antivaxers-on-twitter-fake-news-and-twitter-bots (Note: "Oracknows" is a screen name, which the author used when posting to this blog.) |
For additional examples, see pages See Reference Examples APA 7 pp 320-352
Personal communications may be private letters, memos, non-archived electronic communications, personal interviews, etc. Because they do not provide recoverable data, they are not included in the reference list. The same is true of live performances.
Instead, you should cite these sources in your text with the initial and last name of the communicator and as exact a date as possible.
Samples:
Narrative E.-M. Paradis (personal communication, August 8, 2019)
Parenthetical (T. Nguyen, personal communication, February 24, 2020)
If you are citing a recording or archived copy of the performance or personal communication, these forms are recoverable and should be referenced in your Works Cited list as a video, online forum post, tape recording, etc.